Medical residents have a specialised training contract and are, for the University, post-graduate students. Admission to a medical specialisation school is subject to the possession of a degree, to any other required qualifications and to the passing of a competition. Medical residents also serve the National Health Service.

In 2023-2024, the high number of enrolments in medical specialisation schools remained stable, with good continuity in subsequent years. However, there is a decrease in the number of specialisation qualifications obtained compared to the previous year. Women continue to represent the majority of those who complete this particular pathway, underlining a trend that has been consolidated over time.