‘Untenured staff’ includes various individuals who work at the University: research assistants, professionals and other external individuals who participated in a public selection and carry out teaching activities with a contract as a collaborator. The term also includes students working part-time for the University who are involved in various activities as well as tutors supporting students. The number of tutors increased significantly in 2023. Compared to 2022, the number of untenured, substitute teachers has increased again.